1.The Fundamental of Operating System
Operating system controlling and managing the whole computer system and their hardware/software.In a computer,the operating system connects hardware and software.
2.The components of Linux Operating System
2.1.Directory
In the Linux operating system,everything are files.Everything originated on the “/” directory,every files under the “/” directory.
/bin(Binary):The most common command.
/boot:Booting files,including link files and mirror files.
/dev(Device):External devices of Linux operating system.
/etc:The configuration files of operating system management and and its subdirectories.
/home:Home directory of users.Every user has it’s home directory named by the user name.
/lib:The basic dynamic link sharing database of the system.It’s similar to ‘dll’ documents in Windows.Almost all of application need these databases./lib64 store the sharing database of 64 bits system.
/mnt:User can mount other file system in this directory.
/opt:Store the software package.
/proc:A virtual directory for system memory mapping.You can visit this directory to acquire system information.
/root:The home directory for root user.
/sbin:The system manage grogram of super user.
/srv:Data that needs to be extracted after the service starts.
/tmp:Temporary files.
/usr:Store applications and program for user.Similar to ‘program files’ of Windows.
/var:Dynamic files,like log files.
/run:Temporary file system,contains all information from boot to now.It will delete after shutdown or reboot.
2.2 Structure
In the Linux operating system,the innermost layer hardware.The core is kernel.Shell is outer than Kernel.The outtermost layer is user.
The hardware depends on devices.A computer mainly consists on power,input/output interfaces,CPU,storage,controller,and so on.
Kernel managing hardware devices for the application.What is the kernel?
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